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sec JSON Web Token JWT Security Event Token SET Delivery JavaScript Object Notation JSON In situations where a transmitter of Security Event Tokens (SETs) to a network peer is also a receiver of SETs from the same peer, it is helpful to have an efficient way of sending an receiving SETs in one HTTP transaction. Using current mechanisms such as "Push-Based Delivery of Security Event Tokens (SETs) Using HTTP" or "Poll-Based Delivery of Security Event Tokens (SETs) Using HTTP" both require two or more HTTP connections to exchange SETs between peers. In many cases, such as when using the OpenID Shared Signals Framework (SSF), the situation where each entity is both a transmitter and receiver is getting increasingly common. In addition, this specification enables the transmission and reception of multiple SETs in one HTTP connection.

Introduction Workloads that exchange SETs with each other ("Transceivers") can do so efficiently using the protocol defined in this specification. Although this specification works along the lines of the DeliveryPush and DeliveryPoll specifications, it makes a few important additions: A Transceiver initiating a communication can send multiple SETs in one HTTP connection to a Peer The Transceiver initiating communication can acknowledge previously received SETs in the same HTTP connection to the Peer The Peer responding to the communication can send multiple SETs in its response to a connection from the Transceiver The Peer responding to the communication can acknowledge previously received SETs in its response to the Transceiver

Notational Conventions The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP 14 when, and only when, they appear in all capitals, as shown here.

Terminology

Transceiver

A networked workload that can act both as a transmitter of SETs and a receiver of SETs. It communicates with other trusted Transceivers to transmit and receive SETs using the protocol defined herein.

Peer

Another name for a Transceiver, used to signify the other end of the communication from a Transceiver.

Initiator

A Transceiver initiating communication with a Peer.

Responder

A Transceiver responding to communication from a Peer.

DeliveryPush

The IETF RFC titled "Push-Based Delivery of Security Event Tokens (SETs) Using HTTP" .

DeliveryPoll

The IETF RFC titled "Poll-Based Delivery of Security Event Tokens (SETs) Using HTTP" .

Pushpull Endpoint Each Transceiver that supports this specification MUST support a "Pushpull" endpoint. This endpoint MUST be capable of serving HTTP requests. This endpoint MUST be TLS enabled and MUST reject any communication not using TLS.

Communication Object A Communication Object is a JSON object , and is a unit of communication used in this specification used both in requests and responses. When used in a request, the Initiator MAY have additional fields defined the later sections below. The common fields of this object are:

sets

OPTIONAL. A JSON object containing key-value pairs in which the key of a field is a string that contains the jti value of the SET that is specified in the value of the field. This field MAY be omitted to indicate that no SETs are being delivered by the initiator in this communication.

ack

OPTIONAL. An array of strings, in which each string is the jti value of a previously received SET that is acknowledged in this object. This array MAY be empty or this field MAY be omitted to indicate that no previously received SETs are being acknowledged in this communication.

setErrs

OPTIONAL. A JSON object containing key-value pairs in which the key of a field is a string that contains the jti value of a previously received SET that the sender of the communication object was unable to process. The value of the field is a JSON object that has the following fields:

err

OPTIONAL. The short reason why the specified SET failed to be processed.

description

OPTIONAL. An explanation of why the SET failed to be processed.

Example The following is a non-normative example of a Communication Object

Initiating Communication A Transceiver can initiate communication with a Peer in order to: Acknowledge previously received SETs from the Peer. Send SETs to the Peer. Both acknowledge previously received SETs from the Peer and send SETs to the Peer. To initiate communication, the Initiator makes a HTTP POST request to the Responder's Pushpull Endpoint . The body of this request is of the content type "application/json". It contains a Communication Object , and the following additional field MAY be present:

maxResponseEvents

OPTIONAL. A number which specifies the maximum number of events the Responder can include in its response to the Initiator. If this field is absent in the request, the Responder MAY include any number of events in the response. If this field is present, then the Responder MUST NOT include more events than the value of "maxResponseEvents" in its response to the specific request.

Response Communication A Responder MUST respond to a communication from an Initiator by sending an HTTP Response.

Success Response If the Responder is successful in processing the request, it MUST return the HTTP status code 200 (OK). The response MUST have the content-type "application/json" and the response MUST include a Communication Object .

Error Response The Responder MUST respond with an error response if it is unable to process the request. The error response MUST include the appropriate error code as described in Section 2.4 of DeliveryPush .

Example Request and Response The following is a non-normative example of a request and its corresponding response

Request

In the above example request, the Initiator does acknowledge any previous events. Delivers two SETs and reports an error on a previously received SET.

Response The following is a non-normative example of a response:

In the above example, the Responder acknowledges one of the SETs it previously received and provides a SET to deliver to the initiator. There are no errors reported by the Responder.

Authentication and Authorization The Initiator MUST verify the identity of the Responder by validating the TLS certification presented by the Responder, and verifying that it is the intended recipient of the request, before sending the Communication Object . The Initiator MUST attempt to obtain the OAuth Protected Resource Metadata for the Responder endpoint. If such metadata is found, the Initiator MUST obtain an access token using the metadata. If no such metadata is found, then the Initiator MAY use any means to authorize itself to the Responder. The Responder MUST verify the identity and authorization of the Initiator. The Responder MAY use OAuth Protected Resource Metadata for this purpose, but the Responder MAY use other means to authorize the Initiator, which are beyond the scope of this specification.

Delivery Reliability A Transceiver MUST attempt to deliver any SETs it has previously attempted to deliver to a Peer until: * It receives an acknowledgement through the ack value for that SET in a subsequent communication with the Peer * It receives a setErrs object for that SET in a subsequent communication with the Peer * It has attempted to deliver the SET a maximum number of times and has failed to communicate either due to communication errors or lack of inclusion in ack or setErrs in subsequent communications that were conducted for the maximum number of times. The maximum number of attempts MAY be set by the Transceiver for itself and SHOULD be communicated offline to the Peers. If a Transceiver previously attempted to deliver a SET in a response to a Peer's request, the Transceiver MAY Initiate a request to the Peer in order to retry delivery of the SET. A Peer MUST be able to either provide acks or setErrs for the same SETs either through requests or responses.

Security Considerations

Authentication and Authorization Transceivers MUST follow the procedures described in section in order to securely authenticate and authorize Peers

HTTP and TLS Transceivers MUST use TLS to communicate with Peers and is subject to the security considerations of HTTP Section 17.

Denial of Service A Responder may be vulnerable to denial of service attacks wherein a large number of spurious requests need to be processed. Having efficient authorization mechanisms such as OAuth 2.0 can mitigate such attacks by leveraging standard infrastructure that is designed to handle such attacks.

Privacy Considerations SETs may contain confidential information, and Transceivers receiving SETs must be careful not to log such content or ensure that sensitive information from the SET is redacted before logging.

IANA Considerations This specification does not add any new IANA considerations.

In many standards track documents several words are used to signify the requirements in the specification. These words are often capitalized. This document defines these words as they should be interpreted in IETF documents. This document specifies an Internet Best Current Practices for the Internet Community, and requests discussion and suggestions for improvements. The OAuth 2.0 authorization framework enables a third-party application to obtain limited access to an HTTP service, either on behalf of a resource owner by orchestrating an approval interaction between the resource owner and the HTTP service, or by allowing the third-party application to obtain access on its own behalf. This specification replaces and obsoletes the OAuth 1.0 protocol described in RFC 5849. [STANDARDS-TRACK] RFC 2119 specifies common key words that may be used in protocol specifications. This document aims to reduce the ambiguity by clarifying that only UPPERCASE usage of the key words have the defined special meanings. JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) is a lightweight, text-based, language-independent data interchange format. It was derived from the ECMAScript Programming Language Standard. JSON defines a small set of formatting rules for the portable representation of structured data. This document removes inconsistencies with other specifications of JSON, repairs specification errors, and offers experience-based interoperability guidance. This specification defines the Security Event Token (SET) data structure. A SET describes statements of fact from the perspective of an issuer about a subject. These statements of fact represent an event that occurred directly to or about a security subject, for example, a statement about the issuance or revocation of a token on behalf of a subject. This specification is intended to enable representing security- and identity-related events. A SET is a JSON Web Token (JWT), which can be optionally signed and/or encrypted. SETs can be distributed via protocols such as HTTP. This document specifies version 1.3 of the Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocol. TLS allows client/server applications to communicate over the Internet in a way that is designed to prevent eavesdropping, tampering, and message forgery. This document updates RFCs 5705 and 6066, and obsoletes RFCs 5077, 5246, and 6961. This document also specifies new requirements for TLS 1.2 implementations. This specification defines how a Security Event Token (SET) can be delivered to an intended recipient using HTTP POST over TLS. The SET is transmitted in the body of an HTTP POST request to an endpoint operated by the recipient, and the recipient indicates successful or failed transmission via the HTTP response. This specification defines how a series of Security Event Tokens (SETs) can be delivered to an intended recipient using HTTP POST over TLS initiated as a poll by the recipient. The specification also defines how delivery can be assured, subject to the SET Recipient's need for assurance. The Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is a stateless application-level protocol for distributed, collaborative, hypertext information systems. This document describes the overall architecture of HTTP, establishes common terminology, and defines aspects of the protocol that are shared by all versions. In this definition are core protocol elements, extensibility mechanisms, and the "http" and "https" Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) schemes. This document updates RFC 3864 and obsoletes RFCs 2818, 7231, 7232, 7233, 7235, 7538, 7615, 7694, and portions of 7230.